What is the legal requirement ensuring legal matters are resolved according to established rules and principles?

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Due process is the procedural safeguard that ensures legal matters are resolved according to established rules and principles. It guarantees fair treatment through the courts by requiring notice of actions, an opportunity to present evidence and be heard, an impartial decision-maker, and a reasoned ruling. This framework prevents arbitrary or biased outcomes and anchors decisions in the lawful process rather than whim. The other terms describe specific tools or time limits within the system (deadlines for filing, a tool to compel evidence, protection against being tried twice) but do not capture the broad requirement that procedures themselves be fair and consistent with the law.